Hairy root cultures of hypericum perforatum l.; a promising method for the high scale production of hypericin

Background: biotechnologic methods are common for secondary metabolites production from the plants and other sources in pharmaceutical sciences. Hairy root cell lines as the biotechnologic method have been used for in vitro production of major plant metabolites

Objective: in this study, hairy roots of Hypericum Perforatum have been prepared using the seeds and bio transformed by bacteria. Finally, the hypericin have been producted by the hairy roots

Methods: first, the seeds have been incubated in the plant media to hairy roots produced. Then, the hairy roots have been dipped in Rhizobium rizogenes suspension for biotransformation of bacterial genes. Morphological and phytochemical features of hairy roots have been determined in order to select the H. perforatum genotypes with higher hypericin contents. The fresh and dry weight of ten lines clones were measured after 30 days. In addition to, methanolic extracts of final hairy roots have been prepared and hypericin has been isolated and assayed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Results: according to the observations, one of ten hairy root lines shows 75-fold higher hypericin content [339.27 ppm] compared to non-transformed H. perforatum [4.58 ppm] in the same of body weight of roots. The clone with the most content of hypericin had significant development of biomass of hairy roots and increase the hypericin production. Transformed clones were varied in morphology, growth, and metabolite productivity

Conclusion: the mentioned methods induce the production of hairy root secondary metabolites in high scale to improve the quality and the quantity of pharmaceutical compounds

Antidiabetic activity of aqueous fruit extract of ribes biebersteinii in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Background: ribes biebersteinii [Rb] is one of pharmaceutical plants which was used in traditional medicine for decreasing blood sugar

Objective: in this study, effect of aqueous fruit extract of Rb on blood sugar of rats was Investigated

Methods: in this research 60 male Wistar rats were categorized randomly in 10 equal groups with two timeframes [7 and 14 days]. Extraction of Rb was performed with 50 g in 500 ml of distilled water for 18 hours by using a soxhlet extractor. For inducing diabetes, streptozotocin 7 mg/0.5 ml in normal saline was injected intramuscularly per 100 gram of rat body weight. Aqueous fruit extract of Rb was given orally to rats daily [80 mg/0.5 ml in distilled water per 100 gram of rat body weight]. Then the blood samples sent to the laboratory to measure the following factors: glucose, lipids; and activity of the enzymes in plasma serum

Results: ribes biebersteinii compared to diabetic group had significant effect on blood sugar [P

Conclusion: according to the results concluded that extract of Ribes biebersteinii had effect on the blood sugar of rats and led to decrease blood sugar of rats. Because the fruit is rich in anthocyanins, this effect may be due to the antioxidant effect

[Survey of the burn wound healing by Iranian traditional medicine from the herbalists or herbal medicine vendors in the Mazandaran province]

A Burn injury is a major health problem in the developing countries. Various treatments were applied for treatment of burn wounds by Iranian traditional medicine for thousands of years ago. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural products based on treatment of burn wounds by herbalists or herbal medicine vendors in the Mazandaran province. This research was a cross-sectional study; and all herbalists or herbal medicine endors were enrolled in this study. Snow ball sampling method was used with a questionnaire. Demographic data, methods of treatment for wounds, itching and pain were collected. The results were analyzed. In this study, 29 herbal and 4 animal based products were recommended by herbal medicine vendors for treatment of burn wounds. The results showed that 77 percent of respondents to treatment of burn wounds by natural products were recommended. Aloe Vera gel was the first choice for treatment of burn that was recommended by the herbalists. These results are interesting to find new drugs for treatment of burn wound healing with regards to Iranian traditional medicine. Since there are limited animal and clinical studies for approval of these natural products, future studies are needed for assessment of these traditional medicines for treatment of burn injuries

[Effects of different concentrations of morphine on staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells]

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of morphine on staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 culture medium supplemented with 0.2% BSA. Cells were divided into three groups; I, II and III, culture in the presence of 50, 100 and 214 nM staurosporine respectively. In each group cells were treated with different concentrations [10-12, 10-10, 10-8, 10-6, 10-4 and 0.0 M] of morphine; treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6; respectively. The percentage of cytotoxicity was performed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. The percentage of death cell was assessed by Hoechst/PI differential staining. Total neurite length was measured. In all groups, the percentage of cytotoxicity as well as the percentage of cell death in treatments 4 and 5 was higher and in treatments 1 and 2 was lower than that of treatment 6 [p<0.05]. In group III, total neurite length in treatments 1 and 2 was higher than that of treatment 6 and in group I, total neurite length in treatments 4 and 5 was lower than treatment 6 [p<0.05]. Opioid receptor antagonist [naltrexone] was caused reversed the effects of morphine [p<0.05]. Our results suggest that morphine at low concentrations should improve staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells

Health technology assessment on insulin analogues: the rapid review of second type studies

analogues insulin is similar to human insulin but have differences in cell structure that leading to differences in characteristics of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. A systematic review of published studies between 2009 until June 2010 in Cochrane Library [CENTRAL and Cochrane Systematic Reviews], DARE, NHS EEDs, and CRD databases were searched. Only nine articles were identified to be included in this review. Most of these studies demonstrated that there were no more or less risks caused by rapid acting insulin compared with human insulin in terms of safety. The risk of sever hypoglycemia significantly, reduced by using long acting insulin analogue. Although it has been shown that insulin analogues are not cost effective, some of these studies pointed out that that insulin Aspart 30 compared with other analogues has more cost effectiveness. Although this type of insulin seems very effective for patients with diabetes, due to the less cost effectiveness in comparison to human insulin, it is recommended that government's resources for this technology will be allocated just to the children and elderly people

effect of fig tree latex [ficus carica] on stomach cancer line

The therapeutic effect of herbal materials in inhibition of cancer cell growth was shown. This study investigates the effect of fig tree latex [Ficus carica] on stomach cancer line. The in vitro effect of different doses of fig tree latex on stomach cancer cell line and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated after 72 hours. Fig tree latex could inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell line without any cytotoxic effect on human normal cells. Five mg/ml was the optimum concentration in inhibition of cell line growth. Cancer cell line was more sensitive to Ficus carica latex than normal cells. This anticancer activity might be due to presence of its proteolytic enzymes

[Effect of hydrostatic pressure on in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes]

Examining of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes. Female NMRI mice 6-8-week-old was selected. Antral follicles with diameter of 500 micro m were isolated from ovaries. Then follicles were divided into control and experiment groups. In experiment group, follicles were transferred to pressure chamber and subjected to 20 mm pressure for 30 min. Follicles without pressure exposure used as control. Each follicle cultured individually in 100 micro l alpha-MEM supplemented with 5% FBS, 100 mlU/ml rFSH, 10 ng/ml rEGF and 7.5 lU/ml HCG for in vitro maturation, under mineral oil. Follicles from two groups were cultured for 48 h and evaluated in vitro maturation of oocyte by the percentage of oocytes in GV, GVBD and MIL Viability of oocytes and cumulus cells was assessed with nuclear vital staining [propidium iodide and bisbensamide]. The results showed that, exposure to hydrostatic pressure improved the oocyte in vitro maturation. After 24 h the percentage of GVBD and metaphase [MII] oocytes increased in hydrostatic pressure treated follicles compared to control [P<0.05]. After 48 h, the percentage of metaphase [MII] oocytes increased in hydrostatic pressure treated follicles compared to control [P<0.05]. Furthermore, a significant increase in the cumulus cells was observed [P<0.05]. Hydrostatic pressure had no effect on oocyte viability. It seems that hydrostatic pressure can be a cell death inducer in cumulus cells. Hydrostatic pressure may play a role in oocyte maturation and fertilization by improving in releasing and mediating signals to oocyte by increasing cell death in cumulus cells

[Rate - dependent electrophysiological effects of Crocus sativus on extracellular field potential of isolated rabbit heart in-vitro]

Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives for synthetic drugs due to their availability, minimal side effects and lower price. Biologically active substances of plant origin represent an essential branch of modern cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate rate-dependent electrophysiological effects of Crocus sativus on extra-cellular field potential of isolated rabbit heart in-vitro. Male Newsland rabbits [1.5-2 kg] were used in all of experiments; various experimental stimulating protocols [WBCL, recovery, rate-dependent protocols] were applied to study electrophysiological properties of Node [N=25]. All of the stimulated protocols repeated in the presence and absence different concentration of saffron [54,108 mg]. Results were shown as mean +/- SE. Saffron inhibited basic and rate-dependent electrophysiological properties of AV-Node. Significant prolongation of WBCL from 141 +/- 4.7 to 165.9 +/- 6.7 msec [in control and saffron group] was recorded [p<0.05]. Rate-dependent protective role of plant to increases difference between atrial and nodal effective refractory period and was observed [from 10 +/- 5.5 to 23.6 +/- 7.4 msec in control and saffron] [p<0.05]. Rate-dependent minor inhibitory role of Crocus sativus in AV-Node can modify protective role of AV-Node during arrhythmia

[Effect of hydrostatic pressure on PC12 cell line]

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on cell viability, apoptosis induction, morphology and cell-substrate interactions of PC 12 cells. PC 12 as a neuronal cell line maintained in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. PC 12 cells were subjected to hydrostatic pressure. Experimental pressure condition was 100mmHg set above atmospheric pressure for 2 h. Controls were treated identically except for the application of pressure. Dye exclusion was used for viability assay, TUNEL staining was used for apoptosis detection. Cell area was assessed as morphometry and then cell adhesion, extension and migration were investigated. Hydrostatic pressure had not changed viability of cells. It induced apoptosis in PC 12 cells. In addition, hydrostatic pressure reduced cell area, adhesion, extension and migration ability of these cells [P<0.05]. Hydrostatic pressure may induce apoptosis in PC 12 cells as a result of inappropriate cell to substrate adhesion. Thus it is suggest that occurring apoptosis in these cells be an anoikis cell death induced by loss of attachment to the substrate

Investigation of apoptosis induction in differentiated PC-12 cells after exposure to hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is crucial component of cell environment and fundamental physical quantity, also it is the main factor of both cell integrity and function. Pressure variation disorder, beyond physiological limits, may lead to pathological states. In this study, we examined the effect of hydrostatic pressure on apoptosis induction, viability, morphology, adhesion potency to substrate and migration of differentiated PC-12 cells. PC-12 as a neuronal cell line maintained in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Staurosporine was used for differentiating of mitotic PC-12 cells to post mitotic and differentiated neuronal cells. Exclusion Dye was used for viability assay, total neurite length of each cell as well as morphometry. TUNEL staining was also performed for apoptosis detection, adhesion potency of cells to substrate and evaluation of cell migration. Hydrostatic pressure, over physiological limits, induced apoptosis in differentiated PC-12 cells. It changed cell viability gradually and reduction happened significantly after 24 hours [p < 0.05]. In compare to the control group, hydrostatic pressure reduced total neurite length, adhesion potency to substrate and migration of cells in the examined group [p < 0.05]. Hydrostatic pressure induced apoptosis in differentiated PC-12 cells as a result of inappropriate interaction between cells and substrate. We propose that apoptosis in differentiated PC-12 cells may be an anoikis causing to lose the attachment to the substrate

role of Na[+] - K[+] - ATPase rate dependent properties of ethanolic extract of urtica dioica root on isolated rabbit Av-nodal preparation

Previous studies have demonstrated the cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica [Nettle] such as anti-hypertensive, and negative inotropic effects on heart. The effects of plant on atrioventricular node has not been explored yet. Inhibitory Na+-K+-ATPas pump has been shown ny U. dioica. The aims of the present study were: 1] to determine concentration-dependent effects of ethanolic extract of nettle on the nodal basic and functional properties. 2] to campare mechanism of action nettel with ouabaine and verapamil. This was an experimental study. Male New Zealand rabbits [1-1.3 kg] were used in all of the experiments; Various experimental stimulating protocols [Wbcl; Recovery, Facilitation, Fatigue] were applied to assess electrophysiological properties of Node. We used isolated perfused AV-nodal preparation [n=18]. All protocols were repeated in the presence and absence [control] of different concentration [0.2-0.4 g/1] of Nettle, verapamil [0.1 microM] and ouabaine [0.25 microM]. Results were shown as Mean +/- SE and a probability of 5% was used to indicate statistical significance. In the presence of Nettel, significant increases in WBCL [150.7 +/- 4.3 to 180 +/- 15.2msec], AVCT [44 +/- 2.5 to 54 +/- 1.7msec], ERP [125 +/- 13 to 149 +/- 20.6msec] and magnitude of fatigue [deltaAH] 6 +/- 0.9 msec were observed. The nettel has less inhibitory activity than verapamil, such as ERP of Nettel was 40% of verapamil. Also, Nettel had similar electrophysiological effects in regard to ouabain. In the present study, negative dormotropic effect of extract, Citrus bigaradia of Nettel, was observed on the isolated AV-nodal preparation. The same electrophsiological trend of ouabain and Nettel, may indicate the role of Na+-K+-ATPas pump in the deppresant effect of Nettel

Phytoestrogens

Epidemiological studies suggest that populations consuming a diet of high phytoestrogens, have a lower risk of many of the so-called [western] diseases.Phytoestrogens are naturally found in many foods and their biological activity is confirmed in animals, in different studies. Phytoestrogen consist of a number of classes, including lignans, isoflavones, coumestans and resorcylic acid lactones. Soy products have phytoestrogens such as genistein, diadzein and glycetin that all of them are from isoflavon class. These isoflavones affect estrogen receptors and have both agonist and antagonist properties. Isoflavone have agonist property when estradiol is low for competition to receptor attaching. Antiestrogenic effects of phytoestrogens depend on their partial concentration and endogenous estrogen, so, when endogenous estrogen is high, phytoestrogens may release estradiol from its receptors. In menopausal period that estrogen is low, phytoestrogens have estrogenic effects. Phytoestrogens prevent menopausal period symptom such as hot flush, vaginal drying, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and decrease incidence of breast, colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers

Preparation and evaluation of horse chestnut seed extract gel and its effect on varicose disease symptoms

A common varicose vein of the lower organs occurs for women four times more than men and nearly half of them are from a family suffering from varicose veins. This disease causes ambiguous ache, feeling pressure on feet after long time standing, feeling heaviness on feet, mild edema on ankle, skin ulceration near ankle. It seldom causes varicose veins to tear and bleed. The aim of this research is to survey how to provide herbaceous medicine containing the extract of Indian chestnut to treat varicose and its related primary clinical study. the extract of Indian chestnut was prepared and different formulations; a suitable topical gel has been produced. After the standardization of the product, the drug and placebo effects on those suffering from varicose veins through random sampling has been evaluated. The amount of the extract of Indian chestnut has determined 5.4%. In the performed clinical study the effect of the medicine in comparison with placebo about reducing ache, inflammation, feeling weight on feet values p < 0.000, edema valiums p < 0.05 and itching values p < 0.007 was meaningful and 86.4% of the consumers are generally satisfied with the product. Drug from Aseculus hippocastanum extract can be useful in prevention and treatment of Varicose disease symptoms

[Effect of methanolic extracts of Artemisia aucheri Boiss, Zataria multiflora Boiss and Myrtus communis L. on Trichomonas vaginalis [In Vitro]]

Considering the high prevalence of Tricomonas vaginalis [TV] in women and the known side effects of metronidazol, herbal drug therapy in order to reduce drug side effects has been considered increasingly in recent decades. This study was done to determine the effect of Artemisia aucheri Boiss, Zataria multiflora Boiss and Myrtus communis L. on Trichomonas vaginalis. This study was done on samples extracted from 100 patients with vaginitis due to Trichomona. The parasite was isolated from vagina and determined directly. Identification was done through direct smear preparation. Parasite was added to the 5 test tubes containing Dorse medium, metronidazole. dimethyl sulfoxaide [DMSO], Artemisia, Zataria and Myrtus extraction with concentration of 0.1, 0.01 ml in order to determine the effect of these concentrations within 72 hours. Trichomonas could be alived in Dorse medium for 72 hours, in presence of metronidazole for one hour and in Dorse medium for 6 hours. Also, methonolic extracts of Artemisia are effective at concentration of 0.1 after one hour and 0,01 after 4 hours of the inoculation. Methanolic extracts of Zataria at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 and the Myrtus extract at concentration of 0.1 are effective at beginning of inoculation but the Myrtus extract at concentration of 0.01 is effective after one hour. Considering the acceptable effect of methanolic extracts of these plants on trichomonas in in-vitro conditions, it is recommended that, the therapeutic effects of the substances from these plants to be studied in in vivo conditions and in case of having positive effect to be used as a drug

[Extraction, identification and activity of papain from Iran]

Papain, a proteolytic enzyme, is found in the dried and purified latex from the fruits of Carica papaya L. [Caricaceae]. Papain is used in medicine as a digestive and in the debridement of necrotic tissues. It is used in pharmaceutics as a spreading agent for drugs, supplied as an ointment [10%] with urea which denatures nonviable protein matter present in lesions. Large amounts of papain are used industrially to tenderize meat. In this research, crude latex was collected from Sarbaz region of Sistan-o-Baluchestan province. The full-grown but unriped fruit was subjected to shallow incisions on several sides [depth of incision was important]. After collection, the coagulated lumps were shredded and dried by the use of heat [30 C]. Extraction and sedimentation procedures were used for extraction of papain. In this method, cystein hydrochloride at adjusted pH was used for extraction and sodium chloride for sedimentation. The extracted papain was identified by the use of electrophoresis method and also by comparing its IR spectrum with the standard papain. The activity of extracted papain was determined by USP procedure. In this research, 1.2 g papain was obtained from 100g latex. Electrophoresis pattern and IR spectrum of extracted papain were identical with the satndard papain. The extracted papain from Iranian Carica papaya [c = 1mg/ml] showed 5800 U/ml activity

[Extraction and comparison of amount of pectin, degree of estrification and galacturonic acid content in some citrus fruit peels]

Pectin is widely used in food, cosmetic and drug industries. Because of high production and consumption of citrus fruits in Mazandaran, fruit peel is available in large quantities. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the amount of pectin, degree of estrification, a key factor in rheological properties of pectin, and galacturonic acid content as a criterion for pectin purity. Thirteen species of commonly used citrus fruits, orange cultivates [Citrus sinensis; Washington navel, Sanguinello, Valencia, Acidless, Moro, Shahsavari, Italian orange], Clementine, Unshiu, Grapefruit [C. paradisi], Bitter [sour] orange [C. aurantium], Lemon [C. limon] and Tangelo were collected at the ripening stage. All the trees were cultivated in the experimental fields, Fajr citrus experimental institute. Amount of pectin was determined by acidic extraction from dry albedos of fruits. Degree of estrification and galacturonic acid content were determined by USP standard titrimetric procedure. The highest amount of pectin was found in Italian orange [27%], Shahsavari orange [25%] and Sanguinello [20%] on the basis of dry weight. The highest degree of estrification [11.5%, 10.9% and 9.6%] was found in Lemon, Washington navel and Bitter [sour] orange respectively. The highest galacturonic acid contents were found in Washington navel, Lemon and Italian orange [89.3, 85.4 and 77.7 respectively]. Six fruits were suitable for utilization in drug industries including: Washington navel, Acidless, Shahsavari, Italian orange, Bitter [sour] orange [C. aurantium], Lemon [C. limon]. Washington navel and Lemon had the most suitable pectin for pharmaceutical purposes

Effect of Vitex agnus - castus L. leaf and fruit flavonoidal extracts on serum prolactin concentration

Vitex agnus - castus is a well known plant in herbal medicine from centuries ago. In Iranian traditional medicine its leaves and fruits are used for increasing milk. In present research the effects of Vitex agnus - castus leaf and fruit flavonidal extract on serum concentration of prolactin hormone has been investigated. Method: Selective deosages of Vitex agnus - castus were orally administrated to female rats during proestrus stage of estrus cycle and lactation.In the control group of rats distilled water was adminstrated instead of Vitex agnus castus extract. At each stage [procestrus, and 3[rd] day of lactation] the animal was anaesthetized by inhalation of ether and fresh blood sample was taken from its heart. The serum was separated by centrifugation. Serum prolactin hormone was measured by RIA [Radio Immuno Assay] method. The data were analysed by ANOVA, MANOVA and LSD test at p < 0.05. Oral administration of 70 mg/kg/day of Vitex agnus - castus extract in lactation stages, significantly increased serum prolactin, compared with the control group of rats. The effect of Vitex agnus - castus extract on the diffrence of sampling weight and starting weight [before administration] was not significant in comparison to the control group rats. It is concluded that results obtained in this research may confirm the use, in tradional Iranian medicine, of this plant, for increased milk Production

Effect of Manna from Cotoneaster discolor on infant janndice [effect on blood bilirubin level]

Jaundice is observed during the first week of life in approximately 60% of term infant and 80% of preterm infant. The risk of hyperbilirubinemia is related to the development of kernicterus [bilirubin encephalopathy], hearing loss, spasticity, and convulsion at high serum bilirubin levels. For treatment of neonatal jaundice is recommended that phototherapy and if unsuccessful, exchange transfusion is used to keep the maximum total serum bilirubin below levels at which risk of injury to the CNS occurrs. In Iranian traditional medicine, the manna from Cotoneaster spp. [Shir-e-Khesht] are being commonly used in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. It is also the purpose of this study to design the formulation of drop with exact dose. Shir-e-Khesht with browse of Cotoneaster discolor pojark were prepared from south of Khorassan [a province in east of Iran]. Drop was prepared from total extract of this manna and, then the quantitative and qualitative controls and microbial tests were accomplished on it and were administrated to jaundice newborn. 100 babies [case group] received Shir-e-Khesht drop and phototherapy, and the 100 others [control group] were also given placebo drop with phototherapy. [Dosage: 5 droplets, TID]. On case group the time required to reduce the serum bilirubin level to 10 mg/dl was significantly shorter than control group [p < 0.00001]. The drop in addition to phototherapy was recommended in treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

[Evaluation of chubak aqueous extract in parasite decontamination on vegetables and comparison with commercial detergent in Sari]

Use of surfactants and chemicals for washing and parasite decontamination from vegetables is not recommend-ed by W.H.O. due to it's penetration in vegetables parenchyma and probable cause of improper taste and odor and toxicity. Some surveys showed "soap-roots" rhizomes [Chubak] to contain Saponin like constituents. Those are effective on surface tension reduction and so are prefered to chemical washers. This research was designed to study plant effect on Parasite removal from vegetables and it's comparison with disinfectant and commercial detergent in Sari City [Mazandaran Province-north of Iran]. "Soap-roots" aqueous extract [1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent] was prepared from the Acanthophyllum squarrosum [Caryophyllaceae] rhizome by maceration method. 100 g of parsley vegetable samples was taken randomly from shopping centers. The samples were placed in contact with "Soap-roots" aqueous extract for zero and 15 minutes according to the W.H.O. guidelines. Then the effluent was centrifuged and evaluated for parasite decontamination as qualitatively and quantitatively by Mc-master counting slide [0.3 mm]. In addition in this research parasite decontamination by commercial detergent [10%] was performed with contact times 0 and 15 minutes and also pure water as blank. Maximum parasite decontamination by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract and commercial detergent [10%] at 0 minute contact time obtained was 84 and 97 parasite eggs [parasite], respectively. Also maximum parasite decontamination by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract and commercial detergent [10%] and blank water at 15 minutes contact time obtained was 230, 26 and 64 parasite ova [parasite], respectively. In this research the best parasite decontamination range by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract was obtained at concentrations of 10 to 20% and contact time of 15 minutes. Quantitavely, maximum parasite ova [parasite] decontamination from vegetable samples by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract [10%] and 15 minutes contact time released 230 parasites. This numbers included 22 alive and active nematode larva, 197 alive larvas and 20 Parameciumia

[Effect of Methanolic Essence and Extract of Myrtus Communis on Trichomonas Vaginalis]

Introduction: considering the high prevalence of Tricomonas vaginalis [TV] in women and the known side effects of Metronidazol, the focus has been concentrated on herbal therapy in order to reduce drug side- effects in the recent decades

Objective: to determine of M.communis effect on Trichmonas Vaginalis infection

Materials and Methods: this study has been carried out as double blind in test and control groups. Methanolic extraction was performed by percolation and essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation. The parasite was isolated from vagina and determined directly. Samples were collected from vaginal discharges. Identification were done through direct smear preparation. Parasite was added to the 5 test tubes containing Drosse medium, metronidazole, Dimethyl sulfoxaide [DMSO] myrtus extraction with concentration of [0.1, 0.01 ml and essential oil with concentrations of [0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.004, 0.0002 and 0.0001] in order to determine the effect of these concentrations within 72 hours

Results: findings suggested that Trichomonas could be alive in Drosse medium for 72 hours, in presence of Metronidazole for one hour and in Drosse medium for 6 hours. Also, the results revealed that methanolic extract at concentrations of 0.1 and 0,01 and essential oil at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0004 were effective at the beginning of the inoculation and at concentrations of 0.0002 and 0.0001 after 2 and 9 hours respectively

Conclusion: considering the significant effect of essential oil and methanolic extract of M.communis on Trichomonas in-vitro condition, it is recommended that the therapeutic effects of the substance from this plant be studied in- vitro condition and if having positive effect, to be used as a drug